Ransom-s-wake/game/world/sites/seabed_terrain.gdshader

shader_type spatial;
render_mode depth_draw_opaque;

// Sand / rock split by slope, matching the sonar material rule (sand under 20 deg,
// rock over 40 deg). Rock is normal-mapped triplanar in world space so cliffs and
// ledges keep their detail; sand carries an oriented ripple normal map on the xz plane.
// The mesh has no tangents: perturbed normals are built in world space and written
// to NORMAL in view space. Detail shading comes from the normal maps, a grain map
// used as ambient occlusion in the pits, and albedo mottling.
//
// Daylight is attenuated spectrally with depth (Beer-Lambert, per channel): red is
// gone first, blue last, and the whole scene darkens by exp(-k * depth). The scalar
// part scales the sun (light() function, directional only) and the sky ambient (AO);
// the chroma part tints the albedo. Artificial lights such as the submarine's
// projectors are not attenuated, so they stay useful on the drop-off. Everything is
// normalised at reference_depth_m, where the look is the authored palette.

uniform vec3 sand_color : source_color = vec3(0.56, 0.52, 0.42);
uniform vec3 rock_color : source_color = vec3(0.22, 0.21, 0.19);
uniform float sand_slope_cosine = 0.9397; // cos(20 deg)
uniform float rock_slope_cosine = 0.7660; // cos(40 deg)
// Per-channel absorption of clear tropical water, per metre, scaled for readability.
uniform vec3 water_absorption_per_m = vec3(0.11, 0.04, 0.032);
uniform float reference_depth_m = 24.0;
// Floor on the daylight factor so the drop-off foot stays readable rather than black.
uniform float minimum_daylight = 0.05;

uniform sampler2D sand_normal_map : hint_normal, repeat_enable, filter_linear_mipmap;
uniform sampler2D rock_normal_map : hint_normal, repeat_enable, filter_linear_mipmap;
uniform sampler2D rock_grain_map : hint_default_white, repeat_enable, filter_linear_mipmap;
uniform float sand_tile_m = 3.2;
// Second ripple scale (megaripples) and the slow domain warp that hide the tiling.
uniform float sand_macro_tile_m = 11.3;
uniform float sand_macro_strength = 0.45;
uniform float sand_warp_tile_m = 37.0;
uniform float sand_warp_m = 1.4;
// Swell-built ripples fade out with depth as the wave energy at the bed dies.
uniform float ripple_fade_start_m = 40.0;
uniform float ripple_fade_end_m = 60.0;
uniform float rock_tile_m = 7.0;
uniform float rock_grain_tile_m = 1.7;
uniform float sand_normal_strength = 1.0;
uniform float rock_normal_strength = 1.1;
uniform float rock_grain_normal_strength = 0.45;
uniform float grain_ao_strength = 0.5;
uniform float grain_albedo_contrast = 0.45;
uniform vec2 ripple_direction = vec2(0.8, 0.6);

varying vec3 world_position;
varying vec3 world_normal;
varying float daylight;

void vertex() {
	world_position = (MODEL_MATRIX * vec4(VERTEX, 1.0)).xyz;
	world_normal = normalize((MODEL_MATRIX * vec4(NORMAL, 0.0)).xyz);
}

vec3 unpack_normal(vec4 sample) {
	return sample.xyz * 2.0 - 1.0;
}

// Triplanar normal perturbation (UDN blend): each plane's tangent-space xy is added
// onto the world normal along that plane's axes, weighted by how much the surface
// faces the plane.
vec3 triplanar_normal(sampler2D map, vec3 position, vec3 normal, float strength) {
	vec3 weights = pow(abs(normal), vec3(4.0));
	weights /= weights.x + weights.y + weights.z;
	vec3 tx = unpack_normal(texture(map, position.zy));
	vec3 ty = unpack_normal(texture(map, position.xz));
	vec3 tz = unpack_normal(texture(map, position.xy));
	vec3 perturbation = (
		vec3(0.0, tx.y, tx.x) * weights.x
		+ vec3(ty.x, 0.0, ty.y) * weights.y
		+ vec3(tz.x, tz.y, 0.0) * weights.z
	) * strength;
	return normalize(normal + perturbation);
}

float triplanar_grain(sampler2D map, vec3 position, vec3 normal) {
	vec3 weights = pow(abs(normal), vec3(4.0));
	weights /= weights.x + weights.y + weights.z;
	return texture(map, position.zy).r * weights.x
		+ texture(map, position.xz).r * weights.y
		+ texture(map, position.xy).r * weights.z;
}

void fragment() {
	vec3 n = normalize(world_normal);
	float up = clamp(n.y, 0.0, 1.0);
	float rockness = 1.0 - smoothstep(rock_slope_cosine, sand_slope_cosine, up);

	// Sand: ripple normal map rotated to the swell direction, on the xz plane. The
	// plane is bent by a slow warp (two decorrelated reads of the seamless grain map)
	// and a second, larger ripple scale is blended in, so no period repeats across
	// the field. Ripples fade with depth.
	vec2 ripple_axis = normalize(ripple_direction);
	vec2 warp = vec2(
		texture(rock_grain_map, world_position.xz / sand_warp_tile_m).r,
		texture(rock_grain_map, world_position.xz / sand_warp_tile_m + vec2(0.37, 0.61)).r
	) - 0.5;
	vec2 bent_xz = world_position.xz + warp * sand_warp_m;
	vec2 ripple_frame = vec2(
		dot(bent_xz, ripple_axis),
		dot(bent_xz, vec2(-ripple_axis.y, ripple_axis.x))
	);
	vec3 sand_tangent = unpack_normal(texture(sand_normal_map, ripple_frame / sand_tile_m));
	vec3 macro_tangent = unpack_normal(texture(sand_normal_map, ripple_frame / sand_macro_tile_m + vec2(0.5, 0.25)));
	float depth_for_ripples = -world_position.y;
	float ripple_strength = sand_normal_strength * (1.0 - smoothstep(ripple_fade_start_m, ripple_fade_end_m, depth_for_ripples));
	vec2 tangent_xy = sand_tangent.xy * ripple_strength + macro_tangent.xy * sand_macro_strength * ripple_strength;
	vec3 sand_perturbation = vec3(ripple_axis.x, 0.0, ripple_axis.y) * tangent_xy.x
		+ vec3(-ripple_axis.y, 0.0, ripple_axis.x) * tangent_xy.y;
	vec3 sand_normal = normalize(n + sand_perturbation);

	// Rock: coarse triplanar normal map plus fine grain, both in world space.
	vec3 rock_normal = triplanar_normal(rock_normal_map, world_position / rock_tile_m, n, rock_normal_strength);
	rock_normal = triplanar_normal(rock_normal_map, world_position / rock_grain_tile_m, rock_normal, rock_grain_normal_strength);
	float grain = triplanar_grain(rock_grain_map, world_position / rock_grain_tile_m, n);

	vec3 shading_normal = normalize(mix(sand_normal, rock_normal, rockness));
	NORMAL = normalize((VIEW_MATRIX * vec4(shading_normal, 0.0)).xyz);

	// Albedo: mottled rock, lightly grained sand.
	vec3 rock_albedo = rock_color * (1.0 + (grain - 0.5) * 2.0 * grain_albedo_contrast);
	vec3 sand_albedo = sand_color * (1.0 + (grain - 0.5) * 0.3);
	vec3 albedo = mix(sand_albedo, rock_albedo, rockness);

	// Water column: spectral transmittance relative to the reference depth.
	float depth_m = -world_position.y;
	vec3 transmittance = exp(-water_absorption_per_m * (depth_m - reference_depth_m));
	float brightness = dot(transmittance, vec3(0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722));
	vec3 chroma = transmittance / max(brightness, 0.001);
	daylight = max(brightness, minimum_daylight);
	// Normalise so the authored palette holds at the reference depth once the
	// reference transmittance (red already filtered by 24 m of water) is applied.
	vec3 reference_chroma = exp(-water_absorption_per_m * reference_depth_m);
	reference_chroma /= dot(reference_chroma, vec3(0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722));
	ALBEDO = albedo * chroma * reference_chroma;

	// Detail shading: pits of the grain map and ripple troughs read as occlusion;
	// the daylight factor dims the sky ambient with depth.
	float rock_ao = mix(1.0, 0.45 + 0.55 * grain, grain_ao_strength);
	float sand_ao = mix(1.0, 0.8 + 0.2 * clamp(sand_tangent.z, 0.0, 1.0), grain_ao_strength * 0.6);
	AO = mix(sand_ao, rock_ao, rockness) * daylight;
	AO_LIGHT_AFFECT = 0.35;
	ROUGHNESS = mix(0.95, 0.78 + 0.12 * grain, rockness);
	METALLIC = 0.0;
}

// Lambert diffuse; the sun (directional) is dimmed by the water column, other lights
// (submarine projectors) are not. Sand and rock are rough enough to skip specular.
void light() {
	float sun_factor = LIGHT_IS_DIRECTIONAL ? daylight : 1.0;
	float lambert = clamp(dot(NORMAL, LIGHT), 0.0, 1.0);
	DIFFUSE_LIGHT += lambert * ATTENUATION * LIGHT_COLOR * ALBEDO * sun_factor / PI;
}